Dwarf Hamsters 101: A Guide to Roborovski, Djungarian, and Campbell Hamsters

If you're researching hamsters and want to learn more about the Dwarf varieties, you're in the right place. Dwarf hamsters come in three main types, each with its own unique characteristics and care needs. In this guide, we'll explore these three types—Roborovski, Djungarian, and Campbell—and provide you with essential information on how to care for them and keep them happy.

An Overview of Dwarf Hamsters

Dwarf hamsters are a group of small hamster species that originate from northern China, southern Russia, Mongolia, and Siberia. Despite their differences, these three types are often collectively referred to as "Russian Dwarf hamsters," which can be confusing when trying to identify specific breeds or understand their needs.

The three main types of Dwarf hamsters are:

1. Roborovski Dwarf Hamster: Often called the Russian Dwarf, this is the smallest and has a distinct appearance from the others.
2. Campbell Dwarf Hamster: Also sometimes referred to as a Russian Dwarf, it is often confused with the Djungarian.
3. Djungarian Dwarf Hamster: Also known as the Winter White or Siberian hamster, this is the only one that can change its fur color in winter.

These hamsters are small, agile, and quick, making them more challenging to handle than larger breeds like the Syrian hamster. Due to their size and active nature, Dwarf hamsters are best kept as observational pets rather than pets that are frequently handled, especially by children.

About the Roborovski Dwarf Hamster

The Roborovski, or "Robo," is the tiniest of all Dwarf hamsters, measuring about 2 inches (5 cm) in length. Discovered in 1894 by a Russian expedition, these hamsters became popular pets after being introduced to the public in 1960 at the London Zoo.

Robos are known for their small size and distinctive appearance. They have a brownish back, a white belly, and a pair of white spots above their eyes, giving them a unique look. Unlike other Dwarf hamsters, Robos do not have a stripe down their back or a dark patch on their head. Their feet are covered in fur, and they have a stocky, round body.

Roborovski hamsters are incredibly fast and active, making them challenging to handle. However, they can live peacefully in groups if given enough space.

About the Djungarian/Siberian/Winter White Hamster

The Djungarian Dwarf hamster, also known as the Winter White or Siberian hamster, is often confused with other Dwarf hamsters due to its many names. This species, scientifically known as Phodopus sungorus, was discovered in the Dzungaria region of China.

Djungarians typically grow to about 3 inches (7 cm) in length and have a grayish-brown back with a thick dark stripe running down the middle. Their bellies are white, and they have a furry patch on their head where the stripe begins.

One of the most unique features of the Djungarian hamster is its ability to change its fur color to white in winter, helping it blend in with the snow. However, this color change is less common in captivity due to the consistent light cycles in most homes.

About the Campbell Dwarf Hamster

The Campbell Dwarf hamster is often mistaken for the Djungarian because of their similar appearance. However, there are key differences: Campbell hamsters have a lighter gray belly instead of white, a thinner stripe down their back, and no dark patch on their head. Unlike Djungarians, Campbell hamsters do not change color in winter.

Campbell Dwarf hamsters can interbreed with Djungarians, but the offspring often suffer from health issues and reduced fertility. This is only possible with a Djungarian male and a Campbell female, as the reverse pairing does not result in live births.

Dwarf Hamster Body and Health Considerations

Dwarf hamsters generally measure about 3 inches (7 cm) in length and have short, stocky bodies with long fur that makes them appear extra fluffy. They are well adapted to colder climates but still require a stable temperature of 20-23°C (68-75°F) in captivity.

While Dwarf hamsters are generally healthy, they are prone to certain health issues, particularly diabetes. Their small size makes it difficult to determine their gender, especially when they are young, which is important to prevent unwanted litters.

Spaying or neutering Dwarf hamsters is risky and generally not recommended due to their tiny size and the associated surgical risks.

What Do Dwarf Hamsters Eat?

Dwarf hamsters are omnivores, meaning they eat a variety of foods, including grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and insects. However, certain foods are unsafe for them, such as citrus fruits, onions, garlic, and spicy foods.

A commercial food mix designed for hamsters is the best option for meeting their dietary needs, but you can supplement their diet with safe foods from your kitchen. Be cautious with sweet foods, as Dwarf hamsters are prone to diabetes. Foods high in sugar or carbohydrates, like fruits, carrots, sweet potatoes, bread, pasta, and rice, should be given sparingly or avoided altogether.

Cage Requirements for Dwarf Hamsters

Dwarf hamsters need a cage that is at least 24 x 12 inches and 12 inches tall (61 x 30.5 cm). Although they are smaller than Syrian hamsters, they benefit from having plenty of space to explore and exercise.

A large aquarium or an Ikea Detolf (a repurposed shelving unit) can provide ample space for Dwarf hamsters. If a large enclosure isn’t feasible, look for the largest cage you can find, ensuring it has small bar spacing to prevent escapes.

Toys and Enrichment for Dwarf Hamsters

Dwarf hamsters are highly active and need plenty of stimulation to keep them happy. Providing an exercise wheel is essential, as hamsters love to run. A wheel with a diameter of at least 7 inches (18 cm) is suitable, but a 9-inch (23 cm) wheel is ideal for preventing back problems.

In addition to a wheel, offer a variety of toys, such as tunnels, climbing structures, and chew toys. Hamsters are naturally curious and enjoy exploring new objects in their environment. Ensure there are enough toys to prevent boredom and encourage natural behaviors.

If you are keeping more than one Dwarf hamster, provide duplicates of essential items like wheels, hideouts, food bowls, and water bottles to reduce competition and minimize stress.

Can Dwarf Hamsters Live Together?

Dwarf hamsters can sometimes live together in same-sex pairs or small groups, provided they have been raised together from a young age and have a large enough cage. However, even with these conditions, fights can still occur, and it’s important to monitor them closely.

While some bickering is normal, frequent or severe fights, especially those that result in injuries, are a sign that the hamsters need to be separated. Given their territorial nature and difficulty managing stress, keeping Dwarf hamsters in separate cages is often the best way to ensure their well-being.

Average Lifespan of Dwarf Hamsters

The lifespan of Dwarf hamsters varies by species. Roborovski Dwarf hamsters can live up to 4 years, while Campbell and Djungarian hamsters typically live for 2-3 years. Hamsters are considered old when they reach their second birthday, at which point they may start showing signs of aging and health issues.

Conclusion

Dwarf hamsters are fascinating, active pets that require specific care to thrive. Whether you choose a Roborovski, Djungarian, or Campbell hamster, understanding their unique needs and providing a suitable environment will help ensure they live a healthy and happy life. While they may be small, these hamsters bring a lot of joy and energy to any home.